Direct and Indirect speech

 

Direct Speech

Direct speech repeats or quotes the exact words that the person said. when people use direct speech in written form, They put the spoken words between marks (""), and these words are unchanged. it is like a telephone conversation.

Some examples are:

As you can see in the example, there is a part called indirect speech. This is the opposite of direct speech.

Indirect Speech 

Indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past. So, people usually change the tense of the words spoken. In indirect speech, people use words such as "Tell", "Say", "Ask", and the word "that" to emphasis what the person said, and in the written way, people do not use commas.

It is important to take into account that each verb tense has a specific time when what someone said is reported.

In that image, you can see each tense in direct speech, and how they change in indirect speech

Video

Transitive and Intransitive verbs

 

Transitive Verbs 

Transitive verbs are used with a direct object. They require an object. these objects respond to the questions What oy Who (m). For example:

I pass.

For this example, there is information that is missing. We can ask to pass what?

This sentence needs an object to complete the sentence. the object could be a noun or a pronoun. Like, I pass the written test. As we can see the sentence is complete because people can know what the person passes.

There are some transitive verbs like these:

Intransitive verbs 

On the other hand, intransitive verbs do not use a direct object. They express complete ideas.

For example:

I Smiled.

In this case, we can not have an object because the verb is smiled. So, it is not require something else. 

Some intransitive verbs are:

Video

Coordinating Conjunctions

 First, It is important to know what a conjunction is.

Conjunctions are words that connect sentences. They can be called connectors or connectives. In this case, we are going to write about coordinating conjunctions.

Coordinating conjunctions 

Coordinating conjunctions are usually used between words or sentences to link them, so it can be found in the middle of a sentence, not at the begging or at the end of the sentences. they are also known as FANBOYS.

There are seven coordinating conjunctions using in grammar English. They are:

                                                   For

                                                   And

                                                   Nor 

                                                   But

                                                   Or

                                                   Yet

                                                   So

Each coordinating conjunctions have a specific function when is used in a sentence.

For

It is used to show why something happens.

Example:

I like to go to the movies, for I love to see new movies.

And

        It is used to join two sentences that are similar.

Example:

I will buy clothes, and my mon will buy food.}

Nor

          It is usually to join two similar sentences, but in this case in a negative way. Generally, it is used with Neither. 

• I did not like the movie nor did my sister.

But

            It is usually used to show the contrast between the two clauses. 

Example:

   I would like to go to the beach on vacation, but my family decided to go to the mountain.

Or

            This gives options or alternatives.

Example:

You can go to the river, or you can enjoy the day at home.

Yet

            It is used for contrast. The same as but.

Example:

I am allergic to cats, yet I have three of them

So

           So is used to show the result or the consequence of something.

Example:

I am vegetarian, so I do not eat any meat.

if you notice all the coordinating conjunctions have a comma before. it is important to take it into account.

If you want to spend your knowledge, you can watch this video

Adjetive, Adverb, and Noun clauses

 

First of all, it is important to know that a dependent clause cannot stand by itself. But, an independent clause could stay alone.

 Adjective Clause

It is a subordinate clause that describes a noun or pronoun.

Examples:

• The reason why Maria goes to music lessons every day is that she loves all the topics.

• Dancing, which is her favorite hobby, is tiresome.

Adverb Clause

It is a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb.

Examples:

• Juan Pablo won the course because he worked hard.

• My parents will go to the church even if it rains. 

Noun clause

It is a subordinate clause used as a noun.

It can be used in different ways like:

•   Subject as a direct object and an indirect object.
•   An object of a preposition.
•   Predicate noun.

Examples:

• I will pay attention carefully to whatever she said.

• How she might say that was a surprise to me.